Historical Investigation Into The Bomb Dropping In Japan History Essay

Historical Investigation Into The Bomb Dropping In Japan History Essay This historical investigation will examine the Manhattan Project and the use of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. Why did the United States pursue the Manhattan Project, and why did the United States decide to drop the atomic bombs on Japan? This investigation is conducted using qualitative analysis of articles and books about the development of the atomic bombs and the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Articles were chosen from media and scholarly sources, including the New York Times and the Journal of American History. In addition, a recent book published about the bombing of Japan was chosen for its relevance to the investigations central questions. These sources were all chosen because they provide impartial evidence and facts and present numerous sides of the issues. Summary of Evidence Beginning in 1945, and completed during the same year, The Manhattan Project was basically defined by the development of the most dangerous bombs known thus far to the world: nuclear weapons that could destroy more land and more citizens than the world had ever considered possible. The Project was rushed, mainly because of Trumans desire to avoid an invasion of Japan, which would have resulted in a catastrophic number of casualties. As a result, Truman chose to stop the war altogether through the use of the largest bomb ever used in warfare, also referred to as the A-bomb (Gewen, 2008). But prior to the building of the atomic bomb, Japan was on the verge of collapse anyhow. The Germans knew they were defeated, but continued to fight to the bitter end. According to most historians, the only thing America had left to do was drop the bomb on Hiroshima, and then Nagasaki, in order to absolutely ensure the surrender of Japan, and the end of World War II (Gewen, 2008). Opinions about whether or not America should have dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima vary. Arguments for and against the bombing continue even today. The bombing of Hiroshima has been referred to as Americas Auschwitz, by many, because of the mass genocide in Hiroshima that happened when the bomb was dropped (Gewen, 2008). New York Times writer Gewen points out how American mainstream society was absolutely ecstatic over the development of a bomb that could instantly destroy the enemy. Like Truman, America desperately wanted to see the war come to an end, and the new weapon meant a faster victory for America. It also meant the likely scrapping of a planned invasion of Japan with its incalculable loss of lives (Hiroshima, 1995, para. 7). Prior to the bombing, the number of United States soldiers casualties was already astoundingly high. In Okinawa alone, by the summer of 1945, United States casualties were huge. There were 12,500 soldiers dead, and another 36,600 wounded (Hiroshima, 1995). As a result, Trumans strategy to end the war with newly created nuclear weapons was, in general, embraced by the American public. Government officials wholeheartedly agreed with the decision as well (Hiroshima, 1995). For example, Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, and Trumans new Secretary of State, James Byrnes, agreed that the new nuclear weapon would be very useful in relations with Moscow after the war ended, but they disagreed on whether or not changes needed to be made to Americas unconditional surrender policy in order to allow for the possibility of peace between the two countries (Hiroshima, 1995). Thus, the rush to create the A-bomb began. Evaluation of Sources Hambys article in the Journal of American History is essential for this investigation because it provides a varied account of the numerous sides in historical scholarship about the dropping of the bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Hambys article notes that there are scholars who believe that the United States could have ended the war with Japan without a land invasion of the homeland and without dropping the bomb on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. In other words, hundreds of thousands of civilians who died from the nuclear blasts could have been spared if the U.S. pursued diplomacy with the Japanese leadership. However, Hamby also documents the evidence in the historical scholarship that contradicts this premise. There is strong evidence, Hamby notes, that the Japanese leadership never would have surrendered, and thus an invasion of the Japanese homeland would have been required, killing hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians. Max Hastings book, Retribution: The Battle for Japan, 1944-1945, claims that the myth that the Japanese were ready to surrender anyway has been so comprehensively discredited by modern research that it is astonishing some writers continue to give it credence (Hastings, 2009, p. xix). However, Hastings does not believe this justified the use of the atomic bombs against civilian populations. Rather, he simply states that the Japanese military leadership would never surrender without an extraordinary military defeat, or the demonstration of the atomic bombs. Hastings thus suggests that the United States could have tested the bombs on military targets rather than civilian targets. Yet the most interesting premise of Hastings book is the fact that the American people desired retribution against the Japanese. The U.S. and the Allied powers had already killed nearly 1 million German and Japanese civilians through air bombings, so the use of the atomic bombs was not considered barbaric but rather the equivalent of firebombing major cities with the same results as an atomic blast. This sheds light on the mentalities in the United States about the targeting of civilians during World War II. It was accepted as necessary retribution. Analysis One of the questions that plague many historians are whether or not Japan would have surrendered even if they had not been bombed (Hiroshima, 1995). The question has initiated many heated debates among scholars. For instance, author and historian, Gar Alperovitz has studied the attack on Japan and the affect it had on post-war Japan extensively, and wholly disagrees with the decision. His latest project, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb and the Architecture of an American Myth, in which Alperovitz argues against the atomic bomb, has drawn wide attention (Hamby, 1997). Alperovitz argues that the atomic bomb was unnecessary to end World War II for many reasons. First, his thesis espouses that Japan was ready to surrender at the time the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, and that the motives behind the bombing were therefore dishonest and self-serving (Hamby, 1997). He espouses that Japan would have likely surrendered sooner, if only the United States had enacted a modified surrender policy that ensured the continued Japanese Emperors reign on the throne (Hamby, 1997). In addition, Alperovitz points out that when the USSR entered the picture and allied with the United States in August of 1945, Japan would have more than likely surrendered shortly thereafter (Hamby, 1997). Alperovitz criticizes the failure of the government to implement a new version of Americas surrender policy, and the lack of public support for the modification in general. The decision, he states, was too rushed; this attitude simply kept the war going, when it could have been concluded far earlier than the use of the atomic bomb was deemed necessary (Hamby, 1997). In fact, Alperovitz espouses that the real reason Truman chose to approve the two bombings was largely done in order to show the Soviet Union how powerful America had become (Hamby, 1997). Mostly, America was concerned about possible interests the USSR had in Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia (Hamby, 1997). The monopoly of other countries by the USSR frightened the United States. More recently, writer Max Hastings has suggested that the bombing on Japan was a necessary action if the war was to stop, and limit the number of US casualties. This was, in part, due to the strong and powerful Japanese defenses that were often intimidating to American soldiers. In return, US soldiers found it necessary to bomb large areas of the city, despite being told to restrain themselves from massive firepower (Hastings, 2009, p. 137). The difference in cultures between the Filipinos and Americans was ignored. Conclusion Hastings claims that America at times considered avoiding civilian bombing out of respect for humanity and their moral standing with the Far East (Hastings, 2009, p. 137). Much to the chagrin of President MacArthurs subordinates, and as proof of Americas desire to show their respect for humanity, MacArthur refused to employ air bombings over Manila (Hastings, 2009, p. 137). It was only when the United States suffered 235 casualties in a single day that McArthur changed his strategy, allowing the troops to really go to town (Hastings, 2009, p. 137). In other words, according to Hastings argument, the United States had tried almost everything to establish some sort of peace with Japan, even if it was within the confines of war. As such, it was the Japanese who propagated the war, not America; therefore, America was forced to go to the extreme by using nuclear weapons. This example shows how retribution was firmly entrenched in the American mentality toward the Japanese, who started Wor ld War II with the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Americans cared more about ending the war without another American soldiers death, not about deaths of Japanese civilians.

Business Structure, Recommendations by Accountants

?Accountants are in a position to provide advice to business owners to determine which organization structure is best for their particular business venture. Imagine that you were approached by a friend or relative interested in starting a specialty business to design men and women clothing. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of at least two (2) forms of business structures. Make a recommendation regarding the structure your friend or relative should use based on this particular venture. Explain your rationale.Based on your recommendation regarding the appropriate business structure, explain the major advantages and disadvantages of the business owner with minimal accounting experience maintaining the company's books instead of hiring an accountant. Discuss the major impact to the users of accounting statements if the statements are prepared in error. Provide support for your position. The first business structure that I would recommend, would be a partnership I would inform the m that general partnerships consist of two or more partners who are both responsible for the business.They share the assets and profits, as well as the liabilities and management responsibilities for running the business. Some benefits of general partnerships is their simplicity and flexibility. General partnerships are usually less expensive to form and require less paperwork and formalities than corporations, limited partnerships or limited liability partnerships. General partnerships can choose a centralized management structure, like a corporation, or a completely decentralized structure, where every partner is actively involved in the management of the business.Other advantages of a general partnership are that the partners can combine resources and share the financial commitment. Some disadvantages to general partnerships, principally liability. General partners are personally liable for the business debts and liabilities. Each partner is also liable for the debts incurred by the actions of other partners. Because of this potential personal liability, general partnerships are limited in their ability to raise money and attract investors.The second business structure that I would recommend and I think would be most beneficial to both parties would be an LLC (Limited Liability Company). A limited liability company, is a new form of business organization that is certainly worth consideration. It has several features that create favorable tax treatments, as well as protection from personal liability. Since the status of the LLC form of organization varies somewhat from state to state, be certain to find out how your state's law applies.Some of the advantages of an LLC are, LLC allows for an unlimited number of members however, if the LLC has just one owner, it will be taxed as a sole proprietorship. The LLC allows for the special allocation of profits the disproportionate splitting of member profits and losses in different percentages than their respective p ercentages of ownership. This means that members can enjoy the benefits of receiving profits and writing off losses in excess of their individual ownership percentage.The members enjoy limited liability, which means they are personally protected from any liability of the LLC and successful judgments, as well as from the LLC itself. And just with all advantages there are always disadvantages. Each member's pro-rata share of profits represents taxable income–whether or not a member's share of profits is distributed to him or her. The managing member's share of the bottom-line profit of the LLC is considered earned income, and therefore is subject to self-employment tax.The member’s share of bottom-line profit is not considered earned income because the members are considered to be inactive owners therefore, the members do not qualify for special tax-favored â€Å"fringe benefit† treatment. As a member of an LLC, you are not allowed to pay yourself wages. I would s trongly recommend going with an LLC simple because there is a lot less risk involved. There is a large percentage that businesses fail in the first year, and with that being said you don’t want to lose your business and you personal property too.

What Time Management Essay Is - and What it Is Not

What Time Management Essay Is - and What it Is Not Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Time Management Essay Any sum of free time may help you work toward your target of a fabulous essay. There are occasions if we are given very short amounts of time for writing an essay and submitting it. The Awful Secret of Time Management Essay Time management strategies are frequently associated with the recommendation to set personal objectives. Managing it well is not only important for your personal life but also for career success. Fantastic time management enables someone to complete more in a shorter time period, lowers the sum of stress, and results in career successThe Analyst Trifecta GuideThe ultimate guide on the way to be a world-class financial analyst. Inadequate time management will produce the quality of your work suffer. Employing time management during a normal day can help lower stress and simplifies life. Designating a particular time for studies will surely keep me on track. Setting aside specific amounts of time every day can help you finish the crucial actions to getting work. There's much duration in life and in addition it brings fluctuation. The Pain of Time Management Essay An essay was defined in an assortment of means. Diverse essay outline templates are offered on the internet. When you have to receive a paper done but you are operating out of time, it can set you in an extremely stressful circumstance. The paper is going to be turned into turnitin.com. The specific point in adopting time management is the capability to predict the outcome and control the situations. The procedure is quite easy. Concentrate on keystone habits and you will receive far better at managing your general time by earning your habit development much simpler. If you follow time management properly then you will receive far better result. Bad time management is frequently a symptom of over confidence. Effective time management enables people to assign specific time slots to activities in accordance with their importance. It means spending the appropriate amount of time on high and low priority activities. The Do's and Don'ts of Time Management Essay If you're not having the capability to do better management of workload, you will receive more struck in non-done tasks right away. Learning how to quit procrastinating is an important step in learning and implementing time administration. There's a means to handle the time is that know your assignment deadlines and earn a strategy to finish early. Although creating a list of tasks can and ought to be quite helpful, it's crucial to be realistic about what can be done in a specific period of time. The ability to control your time effectively is vital. It is an important component of l ife and so we feel better about our lives when we have the ability to control our time. You could be shocked to discover how long you're actually wasting. Not making very good use of time can impact people in many various ways. It is essential that I make time to study, although there's always something which I could do instead. Particularly when it's something that you'd love to do, but just don't have enough time for, it can be exceedingly hard to say no. If one uses an elaborate way, it is going to be time consuming. Tick the ones that you have already completed. It is quite easy to come to that conclusion when folks go through daily responsibilities without a program. Individuals who waste time are the people who fail to make an identity of their very own. Time Management Essay Time Management refers to managing time effectively so the correct time is allocated to the correct activity. It can be used in many different ways throughout the day. It is not very difficult as a concept, but it's surprisingly hard to do in practice. It is necessary so that we can be in time for every activity. The folks always want to have successful and pleasurable life and that may be gotten by keeping a focused view about everything and every step. The very first fall, in spite of the fact that you are managing your time, is one particular region of your life which leaves an influence on the other places. On the flip side, many folks like to use the newest technology to organize their lives. Some reasons why time management is essential for students are, If you're usually struggling with time management procedure and other things, then making use of any tool is the very best choice you will need to use.

Essay on Informative Speech Alzheimer’s - 1316 Words

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about Alzheimer’s disease. Central Idea: Alzheimers disease affects millions of Americans each year thus it is important to become familiar with the risk factors, symptoms and treatment options available for those living with the disease. Method of Organization: Topical. Alzheimer’s disease I. One year ago, my grandmother entered a state of rapid decline. A. She would get confused while out for a walk and forget how to get home. B. She would forget that her husband, parents and other family members had been dead for years. C. She would confuse much younger family members as being her parents or a friend she had not seen since grade school. II. My grandmother’s†¦show more content†¦1) Most people suffering from the disease are 65 years of age or older. 2) The risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease doubles about every five years after the age of 65. B. Another strong risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease is family history. 3) Those who have a family member with Alzheimer’s are more likely to develop the disease. 4) The risk factor increases if more than one family member suffers from the disease. 5) There are two types of genes that play a role in whether a person will develop Alzheimerâ₠¬â„¢s disease or not. a) Risk genes increase the likelihood of developing the disease but do not guarantee it will happen. b) Deterministic genes directly cause the disease. Anyone who inherits the genes will develop the disease. (Transition) Now that you know the risk factors that lead to the development of Alzheimer’s disease, let’s look at the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. II. Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease include: loss of memory, loss of cognitive skills and depression. C. 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